RabindranathTagor as a dramatist

Paper – 4 Indian Writing in English

Prepared by – Shubhda parmar

Roll no - 35

Sem - 1

Email id –shubhadaparmar10@gmail.com

Submitted by – Smt.S.B gardi

                          Department of English

                           Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji

                           Bhavnagar University

                           Gujarat

                Introduction:

                        Rabindranath Tagore is the majority exceptional name in modern literature. Tagore was the one writer who first gained intended for modern India a place on the world literary outlook .The award of the Nobel Prize for literature to him was other than the foundation of a drama of respect on a global scale to which there cannot be many parallels in literary history. Tagore wrote primarily Bengali, but had also mastery of English. He translated many of his poems and plays into English, frequently changing, transforming the originals .alongside, he lectured in English to audiences outside India or outside Bengal, and he moreover wrote many letters in English. His active literary career extensive over a period of 65 years. He wrote probably very attractive drama in his career. Tagore also believe in god so his memories,

        “I felt in him the presence of a great soul, and even today the recollection of it seems to  give me passport into the silent seclusion of the temple of God. ”

                       Rabindranath as dramatist he wrote numerous dramas and his well-known work like, ‘Chitra’, ‘The post Office ’ , ‘The cycle of Spring ’ , ‘ Sacrifice’ , ‘ Red Oleanders’,  and ‘Stray Birds ’ , etc .

             Here Dr. Edward Thompson‘s words,

  “Not a man only but an age had made its way at last Into history he had summed up in himself a whole age, In which India had moved into the modern world”.

                        ‘Sanyasi ’ is Tagore ’s  first characteristic play .There has been a lengthy and fruitful dramatic tradition in India , and Tagore was recognizable with it He would try his hand at drama like them so far it could not be rather like them . Later than Tagore wrote many differ types of drama.As usual with Tagore, the English version of Sacrifice is less elaborate than the original Bengali and gains in dramatic restraint and concentration . Tagore himself seems to have played the role of Raghupati, who in some respects recalls poly ed in Sir Aurobindo’s   Perseus the Deliverer .In his play of Tagore he engines of ideas, and men and women are immovable just when they are possessed by, and have become the vehicles of, certain thoughts.

                 In sacrifice moral in sensitiveness  indifference to others pain, assertion of ones own ego these are at the root of folly, which is but another word for crime. I Malini ,again ,as in Sacrifice , a new ethic challenges an outmoded old ethic, beauty and revelation clash with fear and fanaticism ,and once more it is a tale told by an idiot ,full of sound and fury but also signifying a good deal .Malini the king’ s daughter has Buddhist leaning ,and her heresy .Most of them are dazzled by her beauty of holiness and are converted to the new faith and hill her as Goddess and other and the “ divine soul of this world ”.

Only Kemankar and Supriya stand apart, but the letter is not quite sure that what he has seen is mere illusion. Kemankar is captured , and the King is full of gratitude to Supriya . But Supriya, although he has done what he has done Willingly ,knows also that he has played the traitor.The friends talk at cross purposes , and vain is Supriya’ s  appeal to his former friends ,

      

     “ My friend ,is not this world wide enough to hold me whose natures are widely different? Those countless starts of the sky, do they fight for the mastery of the one cannot faiths hold their separate lights in peace for the separate for the separate worlds of minds that need Them? ”.

 In this play Malini , Supriya are both moving on the blessed eternal feminine , and both plays testify to Tagore’ s  attraction to Buddhism as an ethic and the Buddha as a spiritual power and personality .

          In ‘Chandalika’ , the untouchable girl ,Prakriti ,falls in impulsive love with Ananda , the Buddha ’ s  youngest and best loved believer , when  he  ability to meet her near a well .some type understanding words set aflame her self respect , and she is now his slave , while he has gone far away . The spell drags Ananda with appealing force to the Chandalika ’ s  hut ,but it works at the same time a ugly change on his expression ,which is no more than the index of the critical passion of the storm within his own heart and soul. At that time she face of beauty and holiness and she cries in anguish and implores her mother again;

        

“ Mother, Mother, stop! Undo the spell now – at Once undo it! What have you done? O wicked deed! – Better have died. What a sight to see ! Where is the light and   radiance , the shining purity , the heavenly glow, how worn , how faded , has he come to  my door! Bearing his self’s defeat as a heavy burdon , he comes with  drooping head…….”

             

        So in these two plays Malini and Chandalika the stress is on the religious action in symbolic terms behind the physical action in human terms .Here Prakriti and her mother, all feel the transforming power.

           And the play concludes with the choral song of the festival of spring- 

                 April is awake.

                 Life’s shoreless sea

                   Is heving in the sun before you .

                  All the losses are lost ,

                  And death is drowned in its waves…..

         One more unclassified play is ‘Red Oleanders’. The English translation of the play is not included in the volume composed Poems and Plays. There is the predictable king again, while there the Governor, Assistant Governor, Deputy Governor, Doctor, Professor, Wrestler, etc. The king is regularly referred to which bated, but not seen, there is the hidden voice which is heard however speaker is not seen till the King appears at last and we identify the voice to be his.  The soul of the play, however, is the girl Nadine .Here is the challenge of virgin beauty to the world of the male .The professor rhapsodic ally says,

   “She has for her mantle the green joy of the earth. That is our Nadine .In this Yaksha Town there are governors,     Foremen, headmen, tunnel- diggers, scholars like   myself there are policeman, executioners, and undertakers , altogether a beautiful assortment!  Only she is out of element. Midst the clamor of the market place she is a tuned up lyre…. ”.

          Other play among a political slant ,Mukta-Dhara ,is sometimes referred to as Tagore’ s best play .The date is ,perhaps ,significant .while Tagore did not share Gandhi’s  belief in the spinning wheel while the wonder solvent of India’s economic maladies ,he also automatically shark since machinery and a into the human personality ,and unkind technological power frightened him .Tagore articulated in Mukta-Dhara ;

      ‘an eloquent protest against the onslaught of

       machinery on the ancient ramparts of man’s

        individual freedom’ .

      At a moment while steel plants and hydel schemes are being inscribed as the New Temple of India’s beginning nationhood, it would be a useful experience to remember that, for a time, human values are being sacrificed with casual indifference and indecent quickness. Tagore never wrote extra powerful play, or one richer in idea, than Mukta-Dhara.

In Tagore’s play, ‘Chitra’ first appears as Atlanta, but when she sees Arjun the ascetic, the fighter becomes a woman. She must win his love, yet on false pretences .Arjuna forgets his vows and surrenders to love. Chitra’s beauty is however borrowed beauty is all physical beauty ,by us for a term ,other than one day sure to be  and Arjuna’s is a damaged  that has surged as a result of this excessive attack of falseness .Neither is silently happy not well at relieve ,because he senses that there is something wrong somewhere and he is ,at the side of ,secretly drawn to the Chitra of rumour ,the arms bearer, the scourge of her country’s enemies . Now love is born of deep understanding ,agonies experienced and shared  and the vision of the forthcoming fruit of their past discarded selves .What the God of Spring prophesied comes true-

 “A time comes of itself when the heat-cloyed bloom of the body will droop and Arjuna will gladly accept the abiding fruitful truth in thee."  

       

  ‘Chitra’ is  the quintessence of romance .The speeches burn with passion and light up the way from truth to illusion and again the arduous climb from illusion to truth . Arjuna says,

    “I never seem to know you right ….Illusion is the First appearance of truth. She advances towards her love in disguise .I grope for that ultimate you, that bare simplicity of truth ”.

                The reality is that Chitra is no goddess to be worshiped, nor yet the object of common pity to be brushed aside likes a moth with indifference. Tagore was held by this idea, and he incarnated in Chitra the development of human love from the physical to the spiritual. The supernatural machinery- Vasanta, Madana, and their causation. The full point of the play in that early life itself is a hasty spring time miracle, it is suddenly there and later on it fades missing as rapidly as without explanation Tagore rejected both negations the ascetic’s denial of life as well as the sensualist’s denial of the strength .The blinding annoying of the physical union is not rejection Chitra but its transience is also familiar.

                Gandhari’s Prayer is a learn of a mother and her son, the great and generous mother of the Kurus and her eldest ill-fated son, Duryodhan .Both Dhritarashtra the father and Gandhari the mother identified that Duryodhan is wrong but the father compromises, as Gandhari will not .She is a great character .She has clear idea of the end and she talk as the Mother of sorrows-

      “Woman, bow your head down to the dust! And as a Sacrifices fling your heart under wheels! Darknes will rend the air. Then will shroud the sky, earth will Tremble, wailing will rend the air, then comes the Cruel end that terrible peace, that great forgetting and awful extinction of hatred the supreme deliverance rising from the fire of death. ”

                   

                     In Karna and Kunti, Tagore snaps one more pair, a different mother and another ill-fated son, Kunti the mother of Pandavas and her eldest son Karna, whom she had cast absent as a first born baby on the waters. It is a lacerating soul sweltering scene .Kunti also is the Mother of sadness, she too is great since she has suffered while only some have ever suffered, and spread him for a cruelly difficult task but now mother and son try to save what still at this late hour is possible since the general remains .Karna’s finishing words show his humanity and magnanimity;

      

      “Mother, have no fear! I know for certain that victory Awaits the Pandavas. Peaceful and still though this night be, my heart is full of the music of a hopeless and still though this night is, my heart is full of the music of a hopeless venture and baffled end ask me not to leave those who are doomed to To defeat. Let the Pandavas win the throne since they must, I remain with the desperate and forlorn. On the night of my birth you left me naked and unnamed of disgrace, leave me once again without pity to the calm expectation of defeat and death! ”

         The theme of Tagore’s drama is man in relation to God, The King of the Dark Chamber’ was the first of these attempts to invade the invisible. The king of the Dark Chamber is tighter than the original and consequently more effective. Its theme is somb “erly impressive , says Edward Thompson ,

      “  a magnificent attempt to dramatist the secret dealing of God with the human heart ”.

 Here is theory about the king all the time, and each in the play is concerned in the tangle of idea, feeling and theorizing. His Queen Sudarshana   , hasn’t seen him, in fact, nobody has seen him! Sudarshana the maid the honour believes in the King’s truth, although she too hasn’t seen him .There is a false King, a candidate, and even the Queen takes him to be the real King.  The King is with her, however the very memory of a mere instant’s view of him makes her trembling more.

“Terrible – oh, it was terrible! ….the  blaze of the Fire fell on your features you looked like the awful Night when a comet swings fear fully into our ken oh then I closed my eyes I could not look on you any more. Black as the threatening storm cloud Black as the shoreless sea with the spectral red tint of twilight on its tumultuous waves! ”

 So now with Sudarshan , she flees to her father’s place not capable to bear the King’s love .Sudarshan  learns the hard way of suffering and surrender of herself and is combined with her King at last. cause has received into itself the soul of trust and true affection Sudarshana has established into the dark Chamber of her Heart the king of the Dark Chamber . Here he is all over, he is everything, therefore he is nowhere, and no one , in particular . Some try to believe his name and take his functions, as the Queen has her doubts, the mere Maid of Honor is securely stationed in trust.

           While the drama is as regard the soul’s adventure in its attempts to know God, several of the contributory symbols fall into the suitable place to turn into intelligible the progress of the soul towards the point of no return .As the two main actors in the drama are the King and his Queen, God should be seen as aids or impediments that help or delay Sudarshana in her soul’s search for positively .Surangama is the psychic soul. So The King of Dark Chamber is intense as drama and satisfying in its spiritual insights.

                 ‘The Post Office’ has a tighter structural union and its meaning comes to us like a deep dream of peace.  A  post Office is beginning  in a little village. Amal the invalid child, who is controlled to remain inside doors has a limitless hunger for life ,and the Post Office greatly exercises his mind .He sits at the window and makes friends with the passers by imparting to all a new zest for life . There are two acts in this drama and the movement in the second Act reverses, like in the hour glass pattern, the movement in the first Act .Every simple words he speaks wholly within the group of a child’s natural vocabulary yet also in the background charged with insightful intimations .one by one the people Amal had talked to from the window the previous day now come into the room to meet him .Sudha the curd seller is the last and she places flowers in Amal’s hands.   At the end of the drama Amal’s death. Thus at that movement Tagore explain very enthusiastic  . But this drama’s end is something different it is also touch of our heart. So here Tagore uses fantastic ideas about this drama. 

      "But the meaning is less intellectual, more emotional and simple. The deliverance sought and won by the dying child is the same deliverance which rose before his imagination, when once in the early dawn he heard, amid the noise of a crowd returning from some festival, this line out of an old village song, "Ferryman, take me to the other shore of the river." It may come at any moment of life, though the child discovers it in death, for it always comes at the moment when the "I", seeking no longer for gains that cannot be "assimilated with its spirit", is able to say, "All my work is thine"           

                                                - W.B. Yeats, The post Office.

      So comparision of Tagor’s these two dramas like ,The King Of The Dark Chamber  and another is A Post Office here The King Of The Dark Chamber  is about a woman with a sick soul , A Post Office is about a child a sick boy .The King visits the Dark Chamber of the Queen’s heart and all is well the king visits the sick chamber of the little boy , and  all is well again . The physical death of Amal is thus not logically necessary to the story . On the other hand ,it is more natural to assume that, as in the earlier play ,in A Post Office too the adventure with the Divine leaves man cured in soul as well as body .Amal’s aspiration and the Divine response meet and the result is new birth not physical death. The Divine has come to the parched human heart ,and there will now ensue the burst of a new spring of life and joy .

Conclusion:

             Rabindranath Tagore developed his great personality, frequently in literature. His mastery in the Bengali language, but he also write work in English language. With work of Tagore, he always convince to readers .Because in the Indian writing he present reality of India as well as fact about it. Tagore ‘s achievement whether in Bengali writing or his musical compositions was fusion ,very much a product of the colonial situation ,the result of borrowings change and of influence ranging from English literature ,western music ,vaishnavite literature , Baul songs , Kabir dohas , Kalidas to the Upanishads .Tagore’s intellectual conditions consist of both western culture ,thus and a new Indian traditional that was being collated it . In his dramas we can find simplicity   , directioness, fully related with Indian culture .Tagore could start of his play, strike the opening chords, name the characters, and memory and imagination would do the have a rest. Not reason of careful plotting but the music of thoughts and symbols is the soul of his drama. 

Poetic Diction

Prepared by – Shubhda parmar

Roll no - 35

Sem - 1

Email id –shubhadaparmar10@gmail.com

Submitted by – Smt.S.B gardi

                          Department of English

                           Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji

                           Bhavnagar University

                          Gujarat

Introduction:

 Wordsworth is famous as the supreme Nature poet of England.           

 Wordsworth symbolized the yeoman of England with its strong formation and independence of mind. While he was frequently ill of a kind of hypochondria, and complained. The remains of his life were a model of domesticity . Wordsworth’s philosophical sympathies arrange with the revolutionaries, but his loyalties arrange by England .He explored most of the available parts of the continent, and visited Scotland some times. His poems were almost entirely concerning the environment in which he loved to dwell , though the tree of poetry which grew since this natural soil soared into the upper air of the sprit .Wordsworth can express the feel of a place with memorable effect –‘ The tall rock ,the mountain and the deep and gloomy wood……’

                ‘The bleak music of that old stone wall…’

                  Yet the insufficiency of the description of him as a nature poet is observable. while nature he became aware of the joys and sorrows of the human situation.

            

                ‘For I have learned to look on nature …hearing

                  Often times the still, sad music of humanity. ’

                    During nature, too, he felt,

         

           ‘a presence that disturbs me with the joy

                Of elevated thoughts, a sense sublime

                Of something far more deeply interfused. ’

                   This is that superiority of which we must take account , while we consider his philosophy. For the moment, stay with his poetry .It is wise and proper to estimant a poet by his qualities his achievements .But most people are familiar with J.K. Stephen’s lines,

                  

                ‘Two voices are there; one is of the deep,

                   And one is of an old, half witted sheep,

                   And, Wordsworth, both are thine……’

                        During his life, still, he never wavered in his trust in himself and his wickedness as a poet. He lived to see his own faith in his powers successfully necessary .It is seldom really that such gigantic selfishness is so fully and so fairly repaid.

His poetry:

                         Wordsworth records that his original verses were written at school. So, this is an interesting admission of the still surviving domination of the past poet .At the university he composed some poetry, which appeared like ‘An Evening Walk’ and‘Descriptive Sketches’. In style these poems have little originality, but they already show the Wordsworthian eye for nature .The first fruits of his intellect were seen in the Lyrical Ballads concerning the foundation of this remarkable book both Wordsworth and Coleridge have left accounts, which differ to some level, though not essentially. Coleridge’s may be taken as the more believable. He says in his Biographia Literaria.

    It was agreed that my endeavours should be directed to persons and character supernatural , or at least romantic, yet so as to transfer from our inward nature a human interest and a semblance of truth sufficient to procure for these shadows of imagination that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment which constitutes poetic faith .

      

      The journal of Lyrical Ballads represents a attraction moment for English poetry it was different anything that had come before and cemented the way for everything that has come after .Acorrding to the theory that poetry resulted from the spontaneous over flow powerful feelings   as Wordsworth and Coleridge made it their mission to write in the simple language of common people , telling real stories of their lives.

         

            Wordsworth had the larger contribute to in the book . various of his poems , like ‘The Thorn ’ and  ‘The Idiot Boy’  are condemned as being trivial and childish in style , a few , such as Simon Lee and Expostulation and Replay , are more sufficient in their expression and the  Concluding  Piece , Tintern Abbey , is one of the triumphs of this intelligence.

            Through the year 1798-1799 wordsworth composed various of his finest poems, which appeared in 1880, as one with his contributions to the Lyrical Ballads. with the most noteworthy of the new works in this collection were‘ Michale ’  , ‘The Old Cumberland Beggar ’.Although some of them , such as Michel and ‘The Old Cumberland Beggar’ , are irregular in quality , the new poems show Wordsworth less   worried with his theories and weakness of touch.

               ‘The Prelude’, which was completed in 1805 but not published until 1850, after Wordsworth‘s death, is confirmation of his development as a poet. He describes his experience with a extensiveness, closeness, and laborious anxiety that are exclusive in our literature. ‘The Prelude’ was intentional to form part of a huge philosophical work called ‘The Recluse’ which was never completed. Another part of this same work was ‘The Excursion’ , much of which was composed in the years now under review , while it was not published in the 1814 .It lacks the greatness of the full , rather monotonous and uninspired , and regularly prosaic. still so ,it does surround some good pictures and tales of country life .

                       In, 1807 , were two volumes of poems which symbolize the fine flower of his  intellect , but  it is impassible at this time to list even the very great poems in these volumes , but in all poetic form that he used , with the possible exclusion of the narrative, Wordsworth is here seen at the height of his powers . To declare but a few of the successes of this volume, we have , in the lyric vein ,   ‘The Solitary Reaper ’ , ‘The Green Linnet’, ‘Ode on the Intimations of Immortality’ , ‘ I Wander Lonely as a Cloud’ , ‘  Resolution and Independence ’ , ‘  Ode to Duty ’ ,which has led many critics to rise them as the  supreme sonnets in the language.

                                  

                                   Wordsworth’s all poems are generally connect with nature during his work; nature provides the final good influence on the human mind. He constantly emphasizes the importance of nature to an individual’s logical and spiritual development. A good relationship with nature helps individual’s attach to both of spiritual and the social world.

                    Wordsworth soon realized that to love  nature is to love Man who is part and lot of Nature .To love one’s fellows is therefore a prime principle of  Wordsworth’s philosophy and gives it thoughtful human significance .

          

          Wordsworth’s  words,

             One impulse from a vernal wood

               May teach you more of man,

               Of moral evils and of good,

                Than all the sages can.

His Theory of   poetry:

                         Wordsworth begins his theory of poetry. It reveals a superior conception of the dignity of that art which is “the breath and finer spirit of all knowledge” moreover which is the product of the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” , taking its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility. The ability of the poet is on a level with the dignity of his art. Toward Wordsworth, he is a man, possessed of more than usual organic sensibility, and one who has also thought long and deeply. Apart from these universal views on the poet and his art, Wordsworth belief can be divided into two portions regarding,          

                     A. the subject style      

                     B. the style of poetry

      

A. concerning subject,Wordsworth declares his first choice for incidents and situations from universal life , to attain such situations , humble and pastoral life was generally chosen, because in that condition the necessary passions of the heart find a better soil in which they can attain their maturity , over these incidents wordsworth proposes to throw a confident colouring of the imagination whereby usual effects should be presented to the mind in an strange feature .

B. Wordsworth’s views on poetical method are the most innovative of all the ideas in this preface .Discarding the gaudiness and inane word choice of many modern writers , he insists that his poems surround little poetic diction  ,and are written in ‘ a selection of the real language of men in a state of vivid sensation ’ . His views on poetic diction he summed up with these words, ‘there neither is nor can be any essential difference between the language of prose and metrical composition. ’

               The level to which Wordsworth’s own practice as a poet necessary his theories is a question which has long occupied the attention of critics. That he was aware of the dangerous inherent in his theory he makes clear in these words; ‘in some instance, feelings, even of the ludicrous, have been given to readers by expressions which appeared to me tender and pathetic’. while Wordsworth writes under a strong emotional motivation, his style is free .It is touchingly easy in some of his Lucy poems, gay and joyous in other lyrics and vigorous.

 Features of his Poetry:

 ·    Its Inequality and its Limitations.  All the critics of Wordsworth are at effort to point out the collection of inferior work that came from his pen. Before the year1808 he had created poems as extremely and artistically beautiful as some in language. It was hard, though, for Wordsworth to appreciate his limitations, which were many and serious.               

  ·   Its Egoism.  In a person of minor caliber such a degree of self-esteem as Wordsworth’s would have been absurd, in his holder, with the absolute intellect that was in the man, is was something almost heroic .The best of his shorter poems covenant with his own experience, also his longest works, ‘The Prelude ’ and ‘The Excursion’ , explain his spiritual development in the most minute aspect .

·   In spite of this Self-obsession he is strangely scarce in the purely lyrical gift .so far he excels, particularly in the face of nature, in the expression of a reflective and systematic mood which is both personal and general . The following lyrical illustrates this feel to perfection,

             My heart leaps up when I behold

                    A rainbow in the sky,

             So was it when my life began,

              So is it now I am a man,

              So be it when I shall grow old ,

                                 Or let me die !

               The child is father of the Man ,

                         And I could wish my days to be

                         Bound each to by natural piety

     
 Occasionally he dose touch on intimate emotions , but then he tends to be controlled , hinting at slightly than proclaiming the passions that he feels .The serious of Lucy poems are typical of their type,                     

                She dwelt among the untrodden ways

                        Beside the springs of Dove

                 A Maid whom there were none to praise,

              And very few to love.

                     A violet by a mossy stone

                         Half hidden from the eye!

                      Fair as a star ,when only one

                          Is shining in the sky .

                       She lived unknown, and few could know

                              When Lucy ceased to be ,

                         But she is in her grave , and , oh ,

                             The difference to me!

            It was Wordsworth’s passion that by laying oneself open to the power of Nature a person acquires not only knowledge but health , beauty , and charm of body , and peaceful of mind . This is most eloquently described in this Lucy poem.

              Such a lyrical gift, thoughtful rather than fanatical finds a pleasant mode of expression in the sonnet, the most difficult and expository of the lyrical forms. In his sonnets his lyrical feel burns clear and strong and as a effect they rank between the best in English poetry .Wordsworth generally use of the petrarchan form.

   · His Treatment of Nature .His dealing  with nature are his chief brilliance as a poet .

        - His dealing is perfect and first hand .As he explained, he wrote with his eye gradually fixed on the object .Still the slightest of his poems have verification of close observation,    

           

              The cattle are grazing,

              Their heads never raising ,

               There are forty feeding like one.

          The most graceful of his poems have the similar stamp, as can be seen in Resolution and Independence  . The equal image of the here,he says that, about ‘I then observed on the ridge of the Fell ’ ,

      There was a raring in the wind all night,

     The rain came heavily and fell in floods,

     But now the sun is rising calm and bright,

     The birds are singing in the distance woods,

     Over his own sweet voice the stock dove broods,

      The jay makes answer as the Magpie chatters,

      And all the air is filled with pleasant noise of waters.

        All things that love the sun are out of doors,

        The sky rejoices in the morning‘s birth,

         The grass is bright with rain drops on the moors

         The hare is running races in her mirth,

         And with her feet she from in the sun,

      Runs with her all the way, wherever she doth run.

   – This individual dealing with nature in all her moods produces a joy, a plenteousness of pleasure that to mainly readers is Wordsworth’s most appealing attraction. Earlier than the beauty of nature he is never worthless, he is nearly always sufficient, and that is possibly the highest achievement that he ever desired. 

    –   In his  work explain  of nature , though , he is not satisfied only to rejoice ,he tries to see more severely and to find the secret springs of this joy , he says ,

              To me the meanest flower that blows can give

               Thoughts that do often lie too deep for tears.

              He strived to confine and symbolize in words such deep seated emotions, but, almost of requirement, from the very nature of the case, with little success. He can not solve the mystery of,

         those obstinate questionings

                  of sense and outward things,

                  falling from us , vanishings .

                    With a outstanding combination of constant thought  and of poetic imagination . In one of the most glorious poetical efforts in any language ,he put into words the ideal of the stability of life that runs through all existence ,

            Our birth is but a sleep and a forgetting,

            The soul that rises with us, our life’s star

             Hath had elsewhere its setting,

                  And not in utter nakedness,

             But trailing clouds of glory do we come

                   From God, who is our home.

Wordsworth’s dealing of nature distinguishes him since many lesser poets. He looks on nature to hear ,the silent sad music of nature gives rise to some of his best known poems , such as ‘The Solitary Reaper’, ‘ Resolution and Independence’ and ‘ Michael’ . These figures have something of the might dignity, and severity of their setting. Even more striking are the poems such as ‘Tintern  Abbey’, ‘ Ode on the Intimations of Immorality’ and some parts of  ‘ The Prelude’ , which trace

the increase of his own relations with nature, during his youth , when natural beauty ,

                       Had no need of a remoter charm

            By thought supplied, nor any interest

            Unborrowed from the eye…….

           to his maturity , of which he wrote ,

      For I have learned

     To look on nature, not as in the hour

     Of thoughtless youth, but hearing oftentimes

     The still, sad  music of humanity,

     Nor harsh nor grating , through of ample power

     To chasten and subdue . and I have felt

     A presence that disturb me with the joy

    Of something far more deeply interfused ,

    Whose dwelling is the light of setting suns,

    And the round ocean and the mind of man,

    And the blue sky, and in the living air,

    A motion and a spirit , that impels

    All thinking things, all objects of all thought,

    And rolls through all things .   

–    Wordsworth presents  amazing difference, for he ranges since the inspiring to the ridiculous,

In the sweet shire of cardigan,

Not far from pleasant Ivor-hall,

An old Man dwells , a little man-

Tis said he once was tall.

Full five and thirty years he lived

A running huntsman merry,

And still the centre of his cheek,

Is red as a ripe cherry .

   This verse illustrates the minor range of his style, while he is hugridden with his theories of poetic diction .The first two lines are ordinary the second pair are ridiculous, and the rest of the verse is middling. He has a variety of middle style , at its best it has beauty and dignity , a heart searching simplicity , and a certain supernatural clarification of phrase that is all his own .wordsworth when the latter is in a mood that created a poem like the following ,

        “She shall be sportive as the fawn

          That wild with glee across the lawn,

           Or up the mountain springs,

           And hers shall be the breathing balm,

           And hers the silence and the calm,

            Of mute insensate things. ”

  Conclusion:

               Poem of Wordsworth   initiated the Romantic period by emphasizing feelings , impulse and pleasure more than formality and mannerism .In Wordsworth poems he generally  writes on nature because nature is surround us  in our life nature is present  very important roll to all our life and its best example is Wordsworth’s poem ‘Daffodils’ ,

                    I WANDERED lonely as a cloud

                    That floats on high o’er vales and hills,

                    When all at once I saw a crowd,

                    A host, of golden daffodils,

                    Beside the lake, beneath the trees,

                    Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Wordsworth forever poetry should be written in the natural language of common speech, rather than in the superior and complicated dictions that were then considered poetic. His works like forever different from other. His also first principal of poetry should be pleasure, which the chief duty of poetry is to provide pleasure through a rhythmic and beautiful expression of feeling. While this mystical love of Nature is the most distinctive characteristic of Wordsworth‘s poetry. Here Wordsworth was to give the attraction of novelty to things of every day with beginning the mind’s attention since the lethargy of custom and frankly it to the loveliness and the wonders of the world.

                  To, sum up, Wordsworth owes his individual position in English literature to his, spiritual understanding of nature. No further poet made Nature his exclusive concern.