Education of teaching second language

Name – Parmar Shubhda

Paper -12 (English Language Teaching)

Roll no – 30

 Submitted to – S.B Gardi

                              Department of English

                                 MKBU

        
                                             Introduction:

               Teaching is a social process therefore it is difficult to appear at the exact definition of the term .The reason  is that the teaching is influenced by social conditions on the one hand, on the other and human element is also influenced it to a great extent.                    

                 When Teachers come to teacher education programs with earlier Knowledge and experiences that shapes what they learn. To understand these learning processes, teacher education programs must classify the Schools in which teachers work and the schooling experiences they have. There are contexts of participation. These contexts form in critical way what teacher learners can and cannot, what they will and will not, does teachers. This socially-situated view on second Language Teacher Education requires a knowledge view.

       Gage has given the following explanation with this regard,

         “Teaching is a form of interpersonal influence aimed at changing the behavior potential of another person.”

            

         We believe that the field needs to know. That language teacher education is primarily concerned with teachers as learner of language teaching rather than with their students as learner of language .While that classroom language learning is a difficult process .It is obvious that language students learn from many chances with them the teacher. In our power to understand this difficulty, teachers are often portrayed as thought of students rather than as individuals who think and are learning in their own right.

                   

              Second Language Teacher Education give a full description of recent approaches to the education of teachers of second language .If offers important ideas on the observation and control of classrooms, on self-evaluation by teachers, and on teaching itself .Its importance reflects the change in direction from teacher training to teacher education, in which teachers are concern in developing their own theories of teaching. The book is aimed at teachers, teacher educators, and workshop facilitators concerned both in pre-service and in service education of teacher of second and foreign languages.

               

                   Teachers are aware about that how to teach, teacher learners .There is some characteristics of good teaching.

- It gives desirable informations .

- Effective planning is essential for good teaching.

- The students remain active in good teaching.

- It creates self motivation for learning.

- It is based on the previous teacher of knowledge.

- It is includes all sorts of teachers performances and teaching methods.

- It is the best medium for preparing the next generation for changing world order.

- The teacher works as a philosopher, friend and a direction.

- The teacher’s class room behavior includes both direct and indirect behavior.

             All the activities are important for learner because with help of it convey desirable change in learner‘s behavior .The important of the phase of teaching can be easily understood with the help of following points:

-The teacher can get the insight into various activities which are being carried out by him before and after entering into a class.

- These activities support in designing the instruction because the teaching activities are completed through instruction.

- The teaching operation lead towards the development of desirable learning conditions in the class room.

            The basic necessity of teaching is learning. If learning does not take place, the teaching remains as an imperfect exercise. This is the reason that these concepts are used all together.

          According to Smith,

               “Teaching is a process which gives birth to learning”.

-       Teaching and learning are the two basic operations of instruction .Therefore by developing coordination between these two elements one can make the effective teaching.

-       Teaching is purposive process .Therefore after determining the objectives in practical form, such activities of teaching can be organized which may help in bringing desirable changes in behavior.

-        The Psychological elements and forces can be successfully used in teaching.

-       The application of Audio-Visual aids can be used in teaching in realizing its objectives.

                  Second Language Teacher Education (SLTE) is affected by two factors.

1.     A rethinking of its knowledge base and instructional practices as a response to changes in our understanding of the nature of SLTE.

2.     Outside pressures follow-on from the expanded need for competent language teachers worldwide.

          Generally in the class room teacher speak focus on objects in the classroom and on the content of pictures, as with direct method. Learners are not compulsory to say anything until they feel ready, but they are likely to reply to teacher commands and questions in other ways .When learner are ready to begin talking in the new language, the teacher provides response opportunities. The teacher talks slowly and clearly, asking questions and response answers. There is a usual progression from yes/no questions, through either or questions, to question that students can answer using words they have heard used by the teacher.   

              But here Krashen and Terrell are said that,

                    ‘Direct Method activities in which mime, gesture and context are used to elicit questions and answers and even situation based practice of structures and patterns.’

                

            The teaching is comparatively a complex phenomenon which is influenced by a number of factors.

1.     Physical and mental abilities of a teacher

2.     The teacher’s teaching skill

3.     Mastery of the teacher over teaching method

4.     Classroom conditions and environment

5.     Personality of teacher

6.     Motivation and commitment of teacher

                            There are also good qualities and characteristics in learner. The learner is the term which denotes the child in whom one attempts to bring out desirable change in behavior. Here learner takes a support from his past experiences as well as maturation in order to enhance his learning.

            The main characteristics of a learner are as following,

1.     Emotion and sentiments

2.     Motivation

3.     Habit and fatigue.

            So here not only teacher’s role is important but also important role of learners.

                 Group work activities are often equal to those used in Communicative Language Teaching, where sharing information in order to complete task. So learners’ roles are seen to change according to their stage of linguistic development. Central to these changing roles are depend learner decisions on when to speak, what to speak about and what linguistic expressions to use in speaking .so for development of language students engage themselves in role play and games, add personal information and options and practically solving problems in group .so with help of group discussion learners are catch many ideas very easily. The primary role of the learner is as a member of a group who must work together on tasks with other group members .Learners have to learn teamwork skills .Learners are also directors of their own learning. They are taught to plan, leader and evaluate their own learning, which is viewed as a collection of lifelong learning skills .Pair tasks is which learner aware about this mistake and also got new information.  Teacher has to know about which types of activities are doing.

             

                   First, the teacher is the primary source of understandable input in the target language. In this role, the teacher is necessary to generate a constant flow of language input .Teacher creates a classroom atmosphere that is interesting, friendly and in which there is a low effective for learning. So, finally teacher must choose mix of class room activities, a variety of group size, content and contexts. The teacher has to create a highly structured and well organized learning in the class room, setting goals planning and structuring tasks, transfer students to groups and roles and selecting materials and time. An important role as facilitator, the teacher must move around the class helping students and groups.

               “During this time the teacher interacts, teaches, refocuses, questions, clarifies, supports, expands, celebrates, and empathizes. Depending on what problems evolve, the following supportive behaviors are utilized. Facilitators are giving feedback, redirecting the group with questions, encouraging the group to solve its own problems, extending activity, encouraging thinking, managing conflict, observing students and supplying resources. “(Harel1992) (S.Rodgers, Richards and Rodgers)

          The important aim of teaching is to bring about socially desirable behaviors among the learners. It can be realized through effective teaching following its basic principles. But how the learners learn effectively content is depending on the method of teaching. There is a great world outside and within the mind of the learner. This process of interpreting the world of knowledge to the learner’s mind is called method of teaching .It is first way of teaching.

           It is called that teaching is an art therefore it can be assumed that some people are born teachers. Beside those a huge number of people do not have interest in teaching and unable to create learners motivation in the subject. Still they can improve upon by practice and by following a method of teaching.

              Here Gap between education and learning. Teachers have not only one responsibility and opportunity to provide best learning for such a various group of students. Though, this can be challenging for teachers unfamiliar with their students' backgrounds and communities. This suggests what teachers can do to give all students with opportunities for academic success. Many teachers create a positive classroom culture, where differences become strengths. Many teachers understand about it, so try to best how they convey his massages for students. Before it teacher have to know about the family background of students.  (.Richards and Richards)

Conclusion:

               In short , I strongly believe that teachers need to show value, thoughtful, become role models, treat learner right, instructs them but not be one-party, and guides them through the road of success. So teacher education that gives of progresses and activities is the key to success. In wide sense, teacher education has depended largely training program, teach people how to do work of teaching. Here center on the learning process. Teacher learner here knows how to teach effectively. Here also are solving problems and give information in easy way.

 

Works Cited

Richards, Jack C and Jack c Richards. Secound Language Teacher Education (n.d.).

S.Rodgers, Jack C. Richards And Theodore, Jack C Richards and Theodore S Rodgers. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. The university of Cambridge, 2001.

Sze, Paul. "Reflective Teaching in Secound Language Teacher Education:An Overview." (1999).